Major and Minor Impurity (Ghalīẓah and Khafīfah)

(A) Major Impurity (Najasah Ghalizah)

It is an impurity whose impure nature has been established by clear evidence without any doubt.

4. Examples of Major Impurity

1. Spilled blood.

2. Alcohol (Khamr).

3. The flesh and skin of a dead animal (carrion).

4. The urine of an animal whose meat is not permissible to eat.

5. The excrement of a dog.

6. The excrement and saliva of predatory animals.

7. The droppings of a chicken and a duck.

8. Anything that invalidates Wudu when it exits from the human body.

5. Ruling on Major Impurity
Major impurity is excused if it is equal to the amount of a dirham. If the major impurity exceeds the amount of a dirham, it is obligatory to wash it with water or with something that can remove it, and prayer is not permissible while having it.

6. Minor Impurity

(B) Minor Impurity (Najasah Khafifah): It is an impurity whose impure nature is not established with certainty because there is other evidence indicating its purity.

Examples of Minor Impurity

1. The urine of a horse.

2. The urine of an animal whose meat is permissible to eat, such as camels, cattle, and sheep.

3. The droppings of a bird whose meat is not permissible to eat.

8. Ruling on Minor Impurity

Minor impurity is excused as long as it is not excessive, and the amount considered excessive is one-quarter of the garment or body.

Likewise, splashes of urine are excused if they are as small as the heads of needles.

If a filthy garment or filthy bedding becomes wet with the sweat of a sleeping person or with the moisture of a foot, and the trace of impurity appears on the body or foot, then the body and foot are considered impure.

If the trace of impurity does not appear on the body or foot, they do not become impure.

If a wet garment is spread over dry, impure ground and the ground becomes wet because of the wet garment, then if the trace of impurity does not appear on the garment, it does not become impure.

If a dry, pure garment is wrapped inside a wet, impure garment, such that even if the wet garment were squeezed, no water would come out, the pure garment does not become impure.

If the wind blows over an impurity and then reaches a wet garment, the garment becomes impure if a trace of the impurity appears on it.

If the trace of impurity does not appear on the garment, it does not become impure.